EIA full form in medical is Enzyme Immunoassay. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is a powerful test that allows us to detect the presence of specific substances in the body, helping us to diagnose and treat a wide range of medical conditions. It works by using enzymes, which are tiny proteins that catalyze chemical reactions, to detect the presence of a specific substance called an “analyte.” Imagine you are a detective trying to solve a crime. Just like how a detective gathers clues an EIA test gathers clues in the form of specific substances in a sample and uses them to identify the presence of a specific analyte.
To do this, the sample is mixed with an “antigen,” which is like a suspect in a lineup. If the analyte is present in the sample, it will bind to the antigen, just like how a suspect would stand out in a lineup if they were the culprit. Then an enzyme is added to the mixture, which acts like a lie detector test. Finally, the signal is measured and the results are compared to a reference range to determine the presence and concentration of the analyte in the sample. EIA tests are an essential part of modern medicine, helping us to detect and treat a wide range of conditions.